analysis of potentially toxic phthalate plasticizers used in toy

  • analysis of potentially toxic phthalate plasticizers used in toy
  • analysis of potentially toxic phthalate plasticizers used in toy
  • analysis of potentially toxic phthalate plasticizers used in toy
  • Do toys cause phthalate exposure?
  • Thus, the actual total daily exposure to the phthalates described in this report, would be expected to substantially exceed the doses estimated from toys alone. However, the toys appear to be a significant and potentially manageable contributor to daily phthalate exposure in the household/domestic environment.
  • Are hepatotoxic phthalates harmful to children's toys?
  • The combined exposure to hepatotoxic phthalates from children’s toys did not result in an HI value (0.3) that would indicate a potential of producing adverse effects. However, this conclusion also is limited by the fact that the contribution of daily phthalate intake from other sources needs to be considered.
  • What percentage of toys contain phthalates?
  • Of the 49 toys analyzed, 65% contained at least one phthalate at a concentration of >0.1% by mass; and 35% contained multiple-phthalates at individual concentrations of >0.1%. A HI of 3.4 was derived for the combined exposures to the four phthalates associated with reproductive and developmental effects.
  • What is the phthalate limit for children's toys?
  • Examples of national regulatory limits for phthalate composition of children’s toys. The 0.1% limit in toys, either as total of the listed individual phthalates, is intended to prohibit the functional application in PVC plastic. A minimal level of 10% phthalates, by weight, is required for the softening effect on PVC.
  • How many phthalates are in children's toys purchased in Christchurch?
  • Conclusions The concentration of seven phthalates in children’s toys purchased in Christchurch, New Zealand was determined.
  • Can phthalates cause developmental toxicity?
  • Risk assessment calculations indicate that, using realistic exposure scenarios, the worst-case combined exposure to phthalates associated with developmental toxicity exceeded a HI of 1 so may cause adverse developmental effects.

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