Levulinic Acid as a Versatile Building Block for Plasticizer Design India

  • Levulinic Acid as a Versatile Building Block for Plasticizer Design India
  • Levulinic Acid as a Versatile Building Block for Plasticizer Design India
  • Levulinic Acid as a Versatile Building Block for Plasticizer Design India
  • Can bioplasticizers be made from levulinic acid?
  • Nowadays, conventional plasticizers (e.g. phthalates) do not meet the requirements in terms of renewability, biodegradability and cytotoxicity that have become necessary, especially if they are compounded with biopolymers. In this study, novel bioplasticizers are synthesized from levulinic acid via a protecting-group-free three-step process.
  • Are levulinic acid derivatives miscible?
  • The miscibility of the levulinic acid derivatives in PHB was evaluated in the cross-sections of the compounded PHB films and compared to that of neat PHB film. The cross-sections were prepared by cryo-fracturing in liquid nitrogen and coated with gold (thickness 10 nm) by the electrodeposition method to impart electrical conduction.
  • Are levulinic acid derivatives miscible in PHB films?
  • All the spectra were processed using VnmrJ software (Varian, Inc.). The miscibility of the levulinic acid derivatives in PHB was evaluated in the cross-sections of the compounded PHB films and compared to that of neat PHB film.
  • How many ppm are in a levulinate moiety?
  • Moreover, protons (G, F) and (A) of the levulinate moiety are observed as triplets at approximately 2.50 and 2.00 ppm and as a singlet at 1.40 ppm, respectively. The 1 H-NMR results are then further supported by 13 C-NMR investigations and related assignments reported in Fig. S2 in the ESI.
  • Does plasticizer affect TM in PHB?
  • PHB is a semicrystalline polymer, thus characterized by both Tg and Tm. Typically, plasticizers have a more important effect on the amorphous part, but in this case, it has been found that the additives have also a lowering effect on the Tm of the polymer (Table S1, ESI †).

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